Conference 3 – Discerning the Will of God with Fr. Timothy Gallagher O.M.V.
Fr. Timothy Gallagher discusses the foundation of discernment as presented in the teachings of St. Ignatius of Loyola. He highlights the deeply personal nature of each person’s calling, referencing scriptural examples like Jeremiah, Isaiah, St. Paul, and Jesus, who each had unique missions known to God from their earliest beginnings. This foundational principle, rooted in the intrinsic dignity and unrepeatable purpose of every human being, is essential for genuine spiritual discernment. Gallagher emphasizes that our primary focus should be on aligning our lives with God’s will, just as Christ expressed through His mission to “do the will of Him who sent me.”
Fr. Gallagher also outlines the spiritual tools Ignatius offers to support this process, including the Eucharist, regular confession, and prayer with Scripture. These practices deepen one’s openness to God’s will, helping to cultivate the necessary interior disposition for clear and faithful discernment. Personal examples illustrate the transformative power of these practices, demonstrating how they foster intimacy with God and provide clarity in times of choice.
You can find various handouts spoken of by Fr. Gallagher in the links below:
Episode Three – A Grandmother’s Love, a Family’s Strength – Stories from the Heart with Msgr. John Esseff
Msgr. John Esseff reflects on the often overlooked yet deeply influential role of his grandmothers in shaping his family’s legacy. He shares how his paternal grandmother, Cecilia Oland, immigrated from Lebanon and never fully learned English, communicating primarily in Arabic with her grandchildren. Despite this, she expressed deep affection for Msgr. Esseff, even using a humorous Arabic endearment, which he later discovered translated to “my little garlic fart.” This affectionate, if unconventional, nickname highlighted the depth of love that transcends language barriers. He also recalls how his maternal grandmother endured significant hardships, including a harrowing multi-year return to Lebanon during World War I, illustrating the resilience and strength of these women in holding their families together through cultural displacement and adversity.
Msgr. Esseff reflects on the vital role of grandparents in family life, contrasting the rich, intergenerational bonds of his upbringing with the isolation often seen in modern nuclear families. He fondly recounts the close-knit dynamics of his family, where his grandmother’s nurturing presence extended beyond her immediate children to include her grandchildren, creating a deep sense of belonging and spiritual connection. This reflection leads him to appreciate the theological importance of grandparents in the broader context of family and faith, noting how this generational link provides a spiritual anchor that nourishes both personal and communal identity.
Reflection Questions
How have the stories of your grandparents shaped your understanding of family and faith?
In what ways can you cultivate deeper relationships with older family members as sources of wisdom and tradition?
How might the resilience of immigrant ancestors inspire your own faith journey?
What small, affectionate memories have you inherited that remind you of the importance of family love?
How can you honor the spiritual legacy of your grandparents in your daily life?
What role do you believe grandparents play in building a strong family foundation?
How can reflecting on your family history deepen your appreciation for the Communion of Saints?
In what ways can you be a spiritual anchor for future generations in your family?
How might the experiences of past generations influence your understanding of sacrifice and perseverance?
What lessons from your family’s past can you apply to your present faith life?
About the Series
In this deeply personal and spiritually rich podcast series, Msgr. John Esseff—renowned retreat master, confessor, and spiritual director—shares intimate stories of his remarkable life. Having encountered some of the most beloved and influential figures of the modern Church, including St. Teresa of Calcutta, St. Padre Pio, Pope St. John Paul II, and many others, Msgr. Esseff offers listeners a living memory of the Church’s heart in the 20th and 21st centuries. This series also explores his missionary work with the poor, his years of service through the Pontifical Missions, and the profound lessons drawn from hidden saints and everyday holiness.
Prayer and Healing from Sin – The Heart of Prayer with Fr. Éamonn Bourke
Fr. Eamonn Bourke reflects on the subtle yet pervasive nature of sin, comparing it to layers of grime that obscure the true beauty of a masterpiece, like the recently rediscovered Caravaggio in Dublin. Even minor faults can gradually distance us from God’s grace and we often fail to recognize our own sins, mistaking a clean conscience for an absence of grave offenses. Regular confession as a gentle, ongoing restoration of the soul, is similar to a careful art restoration, gradually revealing the inherent dignity and beauty of each person. We should approach the sacrament without fear, trusting in God’s gentle, transformative mercy, and consider spiritual companionship, like spiritual direction, in sustaining a vibrant prayer life.
The power of tears is a sign of authentic spiritual healing, reminding us that deep emotions in prayer can often signify profound encounters with the Holy Spirit. Fr. Bourke shares personal experiences from his ministry, illustrating how even the most deeply held wounds can find healing in God’s mercy.
Discerning Hearts Reflection Questions
How do small, unnoticed habits of sin gradually obscure the true dignity and beauty of our souls?
In what ways can we become “anesthetized” to our own sins, and how can we awaken to this reality?
How might regular confession serve as a gentle, ongoing restoration of our spiritual image, like an art restorer uncovering a hidden masterpiece?
Have I ever hesitated to approach God in prayer or confession out of fear or shame, and what might be holding me back?
How can I invite the Holy Spirit to reveal areas in my life that need healing or repentance?
Who in my life can serve as a spiritual companion or guide as I seek a deeper relationship with God?
How often do I examine my conscience, and what patterns of behavior might God be inviting me to address?
Do I allow myself to express deep emotions like tears in prayer, and how might this be a sign of the Holy Spirit at work?
How can I better support others on their spiritual journeys, just as Christ sent his disciples out two by two?
What steps can I take to make prayer a regular, consistent part of my daily life, as Christ modeled for us?
Father Éamonn Bourke is a priest of the Archdiocese of Dublin, Ireland and served as Vocations Director for the diocese, as well as Pastor in a number of its parishes. Trained as a spiritual director in the contemplative style, he now serves as Chaplain to University College, Dublin, the largest University in Ireland.
All Shall Be Well: A Journey Through Julian of Norwich’s Revelations of Divine Love with Kris McGregor
Episode Three: The 2nd and 3rd Shewing — Desire, Prayer, and Trust in God’s Hidden Work
Summary: In Episode 3, we explore Julian’s Second and Third Shewings, where the vision of Christ’s suffering and the image of “God in a point” draw us into a profound understanding of love, trust, and divine providence. Julian teaches that even in the face of pain and mystery, God’s presence is near, sustaining all things. We reflect on the difference between seeking and beholding, the grace of perseverance in prayer, and the assurance that God is working all things toward His perfect end. Through rich imagery and deep theological insight, Julian invites us to see that nothing is by accident—and that love is always at the center.
Full Julian of Norwich Quotations Used in Episode 3:
From Revelations of Divine Love, Long Text, Chapters IV–VII, trans. Grace Warrack, Methuen & Co., 1901 (PDF edition).
The Blood from the Crown — A Vision of Love in Suffering
“AND after this I saw with bodily sight in the face of the crucifix that hung before me, on the which I gazed continually, a part of His Passion: despite, spitting and sullying, and buffetting, and many languoring pains, more than I can tell, and often changing of colour. And one time I saw half the face, beginning at the ear, over-gone with dry blood till it covered to the mid-face. And after that the other half [was] covered on the same wise, the whiles in this [first] part [it vanished] even as it came.” (Ch. X)
“It is God’s will that we seek Him, to the beholding of Him, for by that He shall shew us Himself of His special grace when He will. And how a soul shall have Him in its beholding, He shall teach Himself: and that is most worship to Him and profit to thyself, and [the soul thus] most receiveth of meekness and virtues with the grace and leading of the Holy Ghost. For a soul that only fasteneth it[self] on to God with very trust, either by seeking or in beholding, it is the most worship that it may do to Him, as to my sight.” (Ch. X)
“These are two workings that may be seen in this Vision: the one is seeking, the other is beholding. The seeking is common,—that every soul may have with His grace,—and ought to have that discretion and teaching of the Holy Church.” (Ch. X)
It is God’s will that we have three things in our seeking:
—The first is that we seek earnestly and diligently, without sloth, and, as it may be through His grace, without unreasonable heaviness and vain sorrow.
—The second is, that we abide Him steadfastly for His love, without murmuring and striving against Him, to our life’s end: for it shall last but awhile.
—The third is that we trust in Him mightily of full assured faith.
For it is His will that we know that He shall appear suddenly and blissfully to all that love Him.
For His working is privy, and He willeth to be perceived; and His appearing shall be swiftly sudden; and He willeth to be trusted. For He is full gracious and homely: Blessed may He be!” (Ch. X)
The Third Shewing — God in a Point
“And after this I saw God in a Point, that is to say, in mine understanding,—by which sight I saw that He is in all things.” (Ch. XI)
What Is Sin? What Is Providence?
“I beheld and considered, seeing and knowing in sight, with a soft dread, and thought: What is sin? For I saw truly that God doeth all-thing, be it never so little. And I saw truly that nothing is done by hap nor by adventure, but all things by the foreseeing wisdom of God: if it be hap or adventure in the sight of man, our blindness and our unforesight is the cause. For the things that are in the foreseeing wisdom of God from without beginning, (which rightfully and worshipfully and continually He leadeth to the best end,) as they come about fall to us suddenly, ourselves unwitting; and thus by our blindness and our unforesight we say: these be haps and adventures. But to our Lord God they be not so.” (Ch. XI)
“And [it was] to learn us this, as to mine understanding, [that] our Lord God shewed our Lady Saint Mary in the same time: that is to say, the high Wisdom and Truth she had in beholding of her Maker so great, so holy, so mighty, and so good. This greatness and this nobleness of the beholding of God fulfilled her with reverent dread, and withal she saw herself so little and so low, so simple and so poor, in regard of her Lord God, that this reverent dread fulfilled her with meekness. And thus, by this ground [of meekness] she was fulfilled with grace and with all manner of virtues, and overpasseth all creatures.” (Ch. VII)
The Rightfulness of God’s Works
“For in this time the working of creatures was not shewed, but [the working] of our Lord God in the creature: for He is in the Mid-point of all thing, and all He doeth. And I was certain He doeth no sin. And here I saw verily that sin is no deed: for in all this was not sin shewed. And I would no longer marvel in this, but beheld our Lord, what He would shew. And thus, as much as it might be for the time, the rightfulness of God’s working was shewed to the soul.” (Ch. XI)
“But in another time He gave a Shewing for the beholding of sin nakedly, as I shall tell: where He useth working of mercy and grace.
And this vision was shewed, to mine understanding, for that our Lord would have the soul turned truly unto the beholding of Him, and generally of all His works. For they are full good; and all His doings are easy and sweet, and to great ease bringing the soul that is turned from the beholding of the blind Deeming of man unto the fair sweet Deeming of our Lord God.
For a man beholdeth some deeds well done and some deeds evil, but our Lord beholdeth them not so: for as all that hath being in nature is of Godly making, so is all that is done, in property of God’s doing.
For it is easy to understand that the best deed is well done: and so well as the best deed is done—the highest—so well is the least deed done; and all thing in its property and in the order that our Lord hath ordained it to from without beginning. For there is no doer but He.” (Chap XI)
God’s Pleasure in His Work
“For He made all things in fulness of goodness, and therefore the blessed Trinity is ever full pleased in all His works.
And all this shewed He full blissfully, signifying thus:See! I am God: see! I am in all thing: see! I do all thing: see! I lift never mine hands off my works, nor ever shall, without end: see! I lead all thing to the end I ordained it to from without beginning, by the same Might, Wisdom and Love whereby I made it. How should any thing be amiss?
Thus mightily, wisely, and lovingly was the soul examined in this Vision. Then saw I soothly that me behoved, of need, to assent, with great reverence enjoying in God.” (Chap XI)
Scripture Featured
(Translations used: Revised Standard Version [RSV] )
(Luke 1:38, RSV)
“Let it be done unto me according to thy word”
Catechism of the Catholic Church, §2560
“By his Passion and death on the Cross, Christ has given a new meaning to suffering: it can henceforth configure us to him and unite us with his redemptive Passion” (CCC 1505).
“Faith is a personal act—the free response of the human person to the initiative of God who reveals Himself” (CCC 166).
“Contemplation is a gaze of faith, fixed on Jesus… It is a gift, a grace; it can be accepted only in humility and poverty” (CCC 2715).
“The desire for God is written in the human heart… and God never ceases to draw man to Himself” (CCC 27).
“God is in everything by His presence, power, and essence” (CCC 300).
The Church teaches that God can permit evil in His providence—not because He wills it directly, but because He respects our freedom and knows how to draw good from it (cf. CCC 311).
“God created everything for man… but man is created to serve and love God and to offer all creation back to Him” (CCC 358).
Even when man disobeys, God remains faithful and draws good from sin (cf. CCC 410–412).
“Creation has its own goodness and proper perfection, but it did not spring forth complete from the hands of the Creator. The universe was created ‘in a state of journeying’ toward an ultimate perfection yet to be attained” (CCC 302).
Reflection Questions for Prayer
In what areas of my life do I struggle to see God’s loving providence at work?
How might I allow the truth that “God is in the Mid-point of all things” to reshape my response to anxiety or uncertainty?
Do I truly believe that God never lifts His hands from His works—even when I feel abandoned or confused? How might that belief change how I pray today?
Closing Prayer (inspired by the Second and Third Shewing)
Lord God,
You are the still point at the center of all that is.
Though we are small, You are near.
Though we do not understand, You remain steady.
You never lift Your hands from Your works, and You never lift Your gaze from us.
In the mystery of suffering and the silence of delay, You are still God.
Give us grace to trust You—not because we see, but because we know You love.
Lead all things, Lord, to the end You have ordained,
By the same Might, Wisdom, and Love by which You made them.
And let our hearts assent with reverent joy:
that all You do is well done, and You are with us still.
Day 9, Part 1 – The Last Retreat by St. Elizabeth of the Trinity- Beginning to Pray with Dr. Anthony Lilles
Dr. Anthony Lilles and Kris McGregor explore the ninth day of St. Elizabeth of the Trinity’s “Last Retreat,” focusing on the divine call to holiness. Dr. Lilles explains that this call is rooted in God’s own nature, revealed as “I Am Who Am,” which invites each soul to share in His divine life. The command to be perfect, as given by Christ, is not an unattainable ideal but a real invitation to live in union with God. This perfection is not absolute like God’s, but a relational wholeness, achieved by removing obstacles to divine love and fully surrendering to His presence. St. Elizabeth’s insights show that true holiness is a journey into deeper communion with God, marked by a constant awareness of His presence and a radical openness to His transformative love.
Dr. Lilles further reflects on St. Elizabeth’s association of holiness with the divine name, revealing that true sanctity involves a profound relational intimacy with God. Just as Moses encountered God at the burning bush, everyone is invited to strip away self-interest and walk in the presence of God. This journey involves letting go of the old self, embracing spiritual poverty, and living with the constant awareness that God is always present, sustaining and guiding each moment. In this way, St. Elizabeth’s writings call each person to a life of radical trust and surrender, mirroring the eternal worship of the saints in heaven.
Discerning Hearts Reflection Questions
How can I embrace the divine call to holiness in my daily life?
What obstacles in my heart prevent me from fully surrendering to God’s presence?
How can I cultivate a deeper awareness of God’s constant presence?
In what ways can I strip away self-interest to walk more closely with God?
How does my relationship with others reflect my union with God?
How can I live in the world without being of the world, as St. Elizabeth encourages?
What practical steps can I take to remove the barriers to divine love in my life?
How can I respond more fully to God’s invitation to radical trust and surrender?
In what ways can I make my life a reflection of the eternal worship of the saints in heaven?
22. “Be holy for I am holy.” 126 Who then is this who can give such a command? . . . He Himself has revealed His name, the name proper to Him, which He alone can bear: “I am Who Am,” 127 He said to Moses, the only living One, the principle of all the other beings. “In Him,” the Apostle says, “we live and move and have our being.” 128 “Be holy for I am holy!” It seems to me that this is the very same wish expressed on the day of creation when God said: “Let us make man in Our image and likeness.” 129 It is always the desire of the Creator to identify and to associate His creature with Himself! St. Peter says “that we have been made sharers in the divine nature”; 130 St. Paul recommends that we hold on to “this beginning of His existence” 131 which He has given us; and the disciple of love tells us: “Now we are the children of God, and we have not yet seen what we shall be. We know that when He appears, we shall be like Him, for we shall see Him just as He is. And everyone who has this hope in Him makes himself holy, just as He Himself is holy.” 132 To be holy as God is holy, such is, it seems, the measure of the children of His love! Did not the Master say: “Be perfect as your heavenly Father is perfect”? 133
Elizabeth of the Trinity (2014-07-24). Elizabeth of the Trinity Complete Works, Volume I: I Have Found God, General Introduction and Major Spiritual Writings (Kindle Locations 3339-3353). ICS Publications. Kindle Edition.
Anthony Lilles, S.T.D., has served the Church and assisted in the formation of clergy and seminarians since 1994. Before coming to St. Patrick’s, he served at seminaries and houses of formation in the Archdiocese of Denver and the Archdiocese of Los Angeles. The son of a California farmer, married with young adult children, holds a B.A. in theology from the Franciscan University of Steubenville with both the ecclesiastical licentiate and doctorate in spiritual theology from the Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas in Rome (the Angelicum). An expert in the writings of St. Elizabeth of the Trinity and the Carmelite Doctors of the Church, he co-founded the Avila Institute for Spiritual Formation and the High Calling Program for priestly vocations. He also founded the John Paul II Center for Contemplative Culture, which hosts symposiums, retreats, and conferences. In addition to his publications, he blogs at www.beginningtopray.com .
Conference 2 – Discerning the Will of God with Fr. Timothy Gallagher O.M.V.
Fr. Timothy Gallagher continues his series on discerning the will of God, focusing on the importance of building a solid foundation for discernment. He presents real-life examples, including a young man struggling to choose between marriage and priesthood and a couple discerning a career change. Foundational discernment is rooted in a deep awareness of God’s eternal love, which calls for a reciprocal desire for communion with the divine will. He reflects on the spiritual insight that the human heart naturally seeks to align itself with God’s will as a response to being profoundly loved, and that discernment is not merely a technical process but an expression of this foundational relationship.
You can find various handouts spoken of by Fr. Gallagher in the links below:
St. Augustine of Hippo, Part 2 – The Doctors of the Church: The Charism of Wisdom with Dr. Matthew Bunson
Born: 13 November 354
Died: 28 August 430
In part 2 of their conversation, Dr. Matthew Bunson and Kris McGregor explore the transformative journey of St. Augustine from his baptism in Italy to his return to Africa, where he established a monastic community and eventually became a priest and bishop. Augustine’s profound transformation and commitment to spiritual renewal equipped him to compassionately address heresies like Donatism and Pelagianism, emphasizing the Church’s teachings on the efficacy of the sacraments and grace.
Augustine’s pastoral nature, his focus on communicating the faith in accessible ways, show his deep concern for individuals’ relationships with God. They also discuss the challenges Augustine faced during the Vandal invasion of North Africa, his final days filled with prayer and sorrow, and the lasting impact of his works, particularly “The Confessions,” which serves as a roadmap for spiritual growth.
St. Augustine’s humility, intellectual brilliance, and dedication to the Church, makes him a timeless figure whose teachings continue to resonate in the Church today.
Discerning Hearts Reflection Questions
Transformation through Grace: How has the sanctifying grace of God transformed your life and deepened your commitment to constant renewal?
Compassion in Evangelization: In what ways can you, like St. Augustine, approach those in error with compassion rather than intellectual superiority?
Sacramental Efficacy: How do you understand and appreciate the teaching that Christ is the true minister of the sacraments, regardless of the priest’s worthiness?
Pastoral Leadership: How can you apply St. Augustine’s example of pastoral care, balancing intellectual rigor with a deep concern for the well-being of individuals?
Communicating Faith Simply: In your efforts to evangelize, how can you simplify the message of the Gospel to make it accessible to all, as St. Augustine did?
Humility in Confession: Reflect on the humility required to confess your sins openly—what lessons can you draw from St. Augustine’s “Confessions” for your own spiritual journey?
Finding Rest in God: How do you seek and experience the true rest that comes from surrendering to God’s love, as St. Augustine expressed in his famous dictum about the restlessness of the human heart?
“After his Baptism, Augustine decided to return to Africa with his friends, with the idea of living a community life of the monastic kind at the service of God. However, while awaiting their departure in Ostia, his mother fell ill unexpectedly and died shortly afterwards, breaking her son’s heart. Having returned to his homeland at last, the convert settled in Hippo for the very purpose of founding a monastery. In this city on the African coast he was ordained a priest in 391, despite his reticence, and with a few companions began the monastic life which had long been in his mind, dividing his time between prayer, study and preaching. All he wanted was to be at the service of the truth. He did not feel he had a vocation to pastoral life but realized later that God was calling him to be a pastor among others and thus to offer people the gift of the truth. He was ordained a Bishop in Hippo four years later, in 395. Augustine continued to deepen his study of Scripture and of the texts of the Christian tradition and was an exemplary Bishop in his tireless pastoral commitment: he preached several times a week to his faithful, supported the poor and orphans, supervised the formation of the clergy and the organization of mens’ and womens’ monasteries. In short, the former rhetorician asserted himself as one of the most important exponents of Christianity of that time. He was very active in the government of his Diocese – with remarkable, even civil, implications – in the more than 35 years of his Episcopate, and the Bishop of Hippo actually exercised a vast influence in his guidance of the Catholic Church in Roman Africa and, more generally, in the Christianity of his time, coping with religious tendencies and tenacious, disruptive heresies such as Manichaeism, Donatism and Pelagianism, which endangered the Christian faith in the one God, rich in mercy.
And Augustine entrusted himself to God every day until the very end of his life: smitten by fever, while for almost three months his Hippo was being besieged by vandal invaders, the Bishop – his friend Possidius recounts in his Vita Augustini – asked that the penitential psalms be transcribed in large characters, “and that the sheets be attached to the wall, so that while he was bedridden during his illness he could see and read them and he shed constant hot tears” (31, 2). This is how Augustine spent the last days of his life. He died on 28 August 430, when he was not yet 76. We will devote our next encounters to his work, his message and his inner experience.”
Dr. Matthew E. Bunson is a Register senior editor and a senior contributor to EWTN News. For the past 20 years, he has been active in the area of Catholic social communications and education, including writing, editing, and teaching on a variety of topics related to Church history, the papacy, the saints and Catholic culture. He is faculty chair at Catholic Distance University, a senior fellow of the St. Paul Center for Biblical Theology, and the author or co-author of over 50 books including The Encyclopedia of Catholic History, The Pope Encyclopedia, We Have a Pope! Benedict XVI, The Saints Encyclopedia and best-selling biographies of St. Damien of Molokai and St. Kateri Tekakwitha.
St. Augustine of Hippo, Part 1 – The Doctors of the Church: The Charism of Wisdom with Dr. Matthew Bunson
Born: 13 November 354
Died: 28 August 430
Dr. Matthew Bunson and Kris McGregor discusses the life and legacy of St. Augustine, one of the most influential figures in Christian history. Dr. Bunson describes Augustine as a towering figure, honored as a saint, a Church Father, and a Doctor of the Church, often referred to as the “Doctor of Grace.” His vast body of work, including Confessions and City of God, has profoundly impacted Western civilization and Christian thought.
The podcast delves into Augustine’s early life, marked by a search for truth that led him through various philosophical and religious paths, including Manichaeism, a sect that emphasized the struggle between good and evil. Despite his brilliant intellect, Augustine’s early years were also characterized by moral failings and spiritual struggles, including a notorious prayer, “Lord, make me chaste, but not yet,” reflecting his inner conflict.
A pivotal moment in Augustine’s life was his encounter with St. Ambrose in Milan, whose teachings and personal example deeply influenced him. Augustine’s eventual conversion to Christianity was spurred by an emotional and spiritual crisis, culminating in a mystical experience where he heard a child’s voice saying, “Take and read,” leading him to a passage in Romans that brought about his complete transformation. He was baptized by Ambrose, marking the beginning of his new life dedicated to Christ.
Discerning Hearts Reflection Questions
Augustine’s Influence on Christianity How has St. Augustine’s theological contributions shaped both Catholic and broader Christian thought throughout history?
The Role of Intellectual Pride What lessons can we learn from Augustine’s struggle with intellectual pride, especially in his early years with the Manicheans?
The Importance of Spiritual Guidance How did the influence of key figures like St. Monica and St. Ambrose guide Augustine towards his conversion, and how can we seek similar guidance in our own spiritual journeys?
Conversion as a Lifelong Process Augustine experienced multiple conversions throughout his life; in what ways can we recognize and embrace ongoing conversion in our own faith lives?
The Struggle Between Faith and Reason How did Augustine reconcile his desire for intellectual understanding with his need for faith, and what does this teach us about the balance between reason and belief?
Impact of Sin and Redemption Reflect on Augustine’s confessions of sin and the transformative power of God’s grace; how can we apply this understanding to our own experiences of sin and redemption?
Resting in God’s Peace Augustine famously stated, “Our hearts find no peace until they rest in you”; how does this insight challenge us to seek true peace in our relationship with God?
“In Milan, Augustine acquired the habit of listening – at first for the purpose of enriching his rhetorical baggage – to the eloquent preaching of Bishop Ambrose, who had been a representative of the Emperor for Northern Italy. The African rhetorician was fascinated by the words of the great Milanese Prelate; and not only by his rhetoric. It was above all the content that increasingly touched Augustine’s heart. The great difficulty with the Old Testament, because of its lack of rhetorical beauty and lofty philosophy was resolved in St Ambrose’s preaching through his typological interpretation of the Old Testament: Augustine realized that the whole of the Old Testament was a journey toward Jesus Christ. Thus, he found the key to understanding the beauty and even the philosophical depth of the Old Testament and grasped the whole unity of the mystery of Christ in history, as well as the synthesis between philosophy, rationality and faith in the Logos, in Christ, the Eternal Word who was made flesh.
Augustine soon realized that the allegorical interpretation of Scripture and the Neo-Platonic philosophy practised by the Bishop of Milan enabled him to solve the intellectual difficulties which, when he was younger during his first approach to the biblical texts, had seemed insurmountable to him.
Thus, Augustine followed his reading of the philosophers’ writings by reading Scripture anew, especially the Pauline Letters. His conversion to Christianity on 15 August 386 therefore came at the end of a long and tormented inner journey – of which we shall speak in another catechesis -, and the African moved to the countryside, north of Milan by Lake Como – with his mother Monica, his son Adeodatus and a small group of friends – to prepare himself for Baptism. So it was that at the age of 32 Augustine was baptized by Ambrose in the Cathedral of Milan on 24 April 387, during the Easter Vigil.”
Dr. Matthew E. Bunson is a Register senior editor and a senior contributor to EWTN News. For the past 20 years, he has been active in the area of Catholic social communications and education, including writing, editing, and teaching on a variety of topics related to Church history, the papacy, the saints and Catholic culture. He is faculty chair at Catholic Distance University, a senior fellow of the St. Paul Center for Biblical Theology, and the author or co-author of over 50 books including The Encyclopedia of Catholic History, The Pope Encyclopedia, We Have a Pope! Benedict XVI, The Saints Encyclopedia and best-selling biographies of St. Damien of Molokai and St. Kateri Tekakwitha.
Pope Leo XIII and “Rerum Novarum” (The Condition of Labor) – Regnum Novum with Dcn. Omar Gutierrez
Deacon Omar Gutierrez and Kris McGregor discuss the life and contributions of Pope Leo XIII, highlighting his pivotal role in shaping modern Catholic social teaching. Pope Leo XIII, a deeply intellectual and spiritually grounded leader, sought to engage the modern world rather than retreat from it, producing over 80 encyclicals and major works like Rerum Novarum and Libertas. These documents laid the foundation for Catholic social doctrine, addressing issues like the proper understanding of liberty, the role of the state, and the moral dimensions of labor and capital. His insights on the dignity of work, the family as the fundamental social unit, and the rejection of socialism as incompatible with Christian principles continue to influence Catholic thought today. Pope Leo XIII’s visionary approach also included emphasizing the importance of St. Thomas Aquinas in seminary formation and fostering a deep awareness of the spiritual realm, as reflected in his institution of the St. Michael Prayer and the consecration of the 20th century to the Sacred Heart of Jesus.
Pope Leo XIII’s legacy shaped not only the Church’s intellectual framework but also its practical outreach. His encounters with figures like St. Katharine Drexel and St. Thérèse of Lisieux illustrate his belief in the personal responsibility of all Catholics to live out the faith in concrete ways. For Drexel, this meant founding schools for marginalized communities in the United States, while for Thérèse, it meant embracing a spirituality of small sacrifices, which transformed the Church’s understanding of mission. This balance of intellectual rigor and spiritual depth, coupled with a profound commitment to social justice, positioned Leo XIII as a transformative figure whose teachings continue to guide the Church’s mission to this day.
About Pope Leo XIII
Pope Leo XIII (2 March 1810 – 20 July 1903), born Vincenzo Gioacchino Raffaele Luigi Pecci , was the 256th Pope of the Roman Catholic Church, reigning from 1878 to 1903. He was the oldest pope (reigning until the age of 93), and had the third longest pontificate, behind his immediate predecessor Pius IX and John Paul II.
He is known for intellectualism, the development of social teachings with his encyclicalRerum Novarum and his attempts to define the position of the Church with regard to modern thinking. He influenced Roman Catholic Mariology and promoted both the rosary and the scapular. He issued a record eleven encyclicals on the rosary, approved two new Marian scapulars and was the first Pope to fully embrace the concept of Mary as mediatrix. He is also the author of the St. Michael the Archangel prayer, among others.
Discerning Hearts Reflection Questions
How can we draw inspiration from Pope Leo XIII’s commitment to intellectual engagement with the challenges of his time?
In what ways does our spiritual life influence our ability to address the social issues of today?
How can the family serve as the foundation for both individual and communal flourishing in society?
What role does private property play in Christian stewardship and our responsibility to others?
How can we avoid the trap of class conflict while working for social justice?
What lessons can we learn from the examples of St. Katharine Drexel and St. Thérèse of Lisieux in living out our faith?
How does the Eucharist fuel our mission to bring Christ’s love into the world?
How should our Catholic faith influence our approach to work and economic decisions?
What does it mean to truly respond to the call for solidarity with others in our community?
How can we embody the “both/and” approach of Catholic social teaching in our daily lives?
Deacon Omar Gutiérrez is the President and co-Founder of the Evangelium Institute as well as the Director of the Society for the Propagation of the Faith in the Archdiocese of Omaha.
Episode Two – Rooted in Faith – Stories from the Heart with Msgr. John Esseff
Msgr. John Esseff reflects on his family’s deep roots in the Maronite Catholic tradition, tracing his lineage back to Lebanon. He shares how his grandparents immigrated to Pennsylvania, where distinct ethnic enclaves formed around coal mining towns like Wilkes-Barre. He describes his grandfather’s journey from Lebanon and the strong faith that shaped his upbringing and the significance of being baptized in the Maronite Rite, which maintains a continuous connection to the ancient Christian traditions and Aramaic language used by Jesus. This connection profoundly shaped his spiritual identity, grounding him in a lineage that extends back to the earliest days of the Church.
Msgr. Esseff also recounts the colorful and sometimes turbulent story of his parents’ marriage. His father, a hard-living truck driver, found faith after a men’s retreat, marking a pivotal turning point in his life. Despite their unconventional beginnings and the cultural tensions of their respective backgrounds, his parents maintained a steadfast marriage for 60 years. This legacy of faith, family, and resilience profoundly influenced his vocation as a priest, connecting him to the deep roots of his family’s spiritual heritage.
Reflection Questions
How does your family history influence your faith and sense of identity?
In what ways have your ancestors’ sacrifices shaped your spiritual journey?
What role does tradition play in grounding your faith today?
How can understanding your spiritual heritage deepen your relationship with God?
In moments of doubt, how can you draw strength from the legacy of faith passed down to you?
How does the idea of being grafted into a spiritual family tree resonate with your understanding of baptism?
What lessons can you learn from the way Msgr. Esseff’s parents overcame cultural and familial challenges?
How can you better appreciate the spiritual impact of your own baptism?
In what ways can your family’s story inspire your faith journey today?
How might reflecting on your spiritual roots renew your gratitude for the sacraments?
About the Series
In this deeply personal and spiritually rich podcast series, Msgr. John Esseff—renowned retreat master, confessor, and spiritual director—shares intimate stories of his remarkable life. Having encountered some of the most beloved and influential figures of the modern Church, including St. Teresa of Calcutta, St. Padre Pio, Pope St. John Paul II, and many others, Msgr. Esseff offers listeners a living memory of the Church’s heart in the 20th and 21st centuries. This series also explores his missionary work with the poor, his years of service through the Pontifical Missions, and the profound lessons drawn from hidden saints and everyday holiness.
About Pope Leo XIII